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The sponge, while a multicellular organism, is considered an aggregate of individual cells. Around 1900, American Henry van Peters Wilson showed that individual sponge cells can separate and reaggregate to make living sponges again. Generations of MBLresearchers have asked how this occurs.

These inventions made observing living cells much easier. Researchers realized that cells not only move as a whole, but that organelles inside cells are constantly moving in the cytoplasm.

In order to understand the role of cells in regeneration, for example, Thomas Hunt Morgan experimented with planarians and hydras, cutting them into bits and observing what happened next.

Gradually, with the emerging field of cytology, researchers began to focus on one type of cell or another, exploring in greater detail their structure and function.